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Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States [MLO]

Location

Country: United States
Latitude: 19.5362° North
Longitude: 155.5763° West
Elevation: 3397.00 masl
Time Zone: Local Standard Time + 10.0 hour(s) = UTC

Contact

Address: NOAA - Mauna Loa Observatory
1437 Kilauea Ave. #102
Hilo, Hawaii, 96720, United States
Phone: (808)933-6965 Ext. 237
Fax: (808)933-6967

Data

Cooperating Agencies

NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory

Mauna Loa Observatory is located on the Island of Hawaii at an elevation of 3397 m on the northern flank of Mauna Loa volcano at 200 north. Established in 1957, Mauna Loa Observatory has grown to become the premier long-term atmospheric monitoring facility on earth and is the site where the ever-increasing concentrations of global atmospheric carbon dioxide were determined. The observatory consists of 10 buildings from which up to 250 different atmospheric parameters are measured by a complement of 12 NOAA/ESRL and other agency scientists and engineers.

GML Projects at Mauna Loa, Hawaii

Carbon Cycle Surface Flasks

Parameter	Formula	First Sample Date	Status
Carbon Dioxide	CO₂	1969-08-20	Ongoing
Carbon Dioxide	CO₂	2021-07-02	Ongoing
Methane	CH₄	1983-05-06	Ongoing
Methane	CH₄	2021-07-02	Ongoing
Carbon Monoxide	CO	1989-07-07	Ongoing
Carbon Monoxide	CO	2021-07-02	Ongoing
Molecular Hydrogen	H₂	1989-07-07	Ongoing
Molecular Hydrogen	H₂	2021-07-02	Ongoing
Nitrous Oxide	N₂O	1995-12-15	Ongoing
Nitrous Oxide	N₂O	2021-07-02	Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride	SF₆	2021-07-02	Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride	SF₆	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride	SF₆	1995-12-15	Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride	SF₆	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Carbon Dioxide	d¹³C (CO₂)	1990-01-12	Ongoing
Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 in Carbon Dioxide	d¹⁸O (CO₂)	1990-01-12	Ongoing
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Methane	d¹³C (CH₄)	1998-01-02	Ongoing
D/H in Methane	dD (CH₄)	2005-04-06	Terminated - 2009-11-03
HFC-134a	CH₂FCF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFC-134a	CH₂FCF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HCFC-22	CHF₂Cl	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HCFC-22	CHF₂Cl	2022-09-14	Ongoing
CFC-12	CCl₂F₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
CFC-12	CCl₂F₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Methyl Chloride	CH₃Cl	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Methyl Chloride	CH₃Cl	2005-05-11	Terminated - 2018-06-05
Methyl Chloride	CH₃Cl	2023-01-11	Ongoing
CFC-114	CFC-114	2023-01-11	Ongoing
CFC-114	CFC-114	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HCFC-142b	CH₃CF₂Cl	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HCFC-142b	CH₃CF₂Cl	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Halon-1211	CBrClF₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Halon-1211	CBrClF₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Methyl Bromide	CH₃Br	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Methyl Bromide	CH₃Br	2022-09-14	Ongoing
CFC-11	CCl₃F (ion 103)	2022-09-14	Ongoing
CFC-11	CCl₃F (ion 103)	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HCFC-141b	CH₃CCl₂F	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HCFC-141b	CH₃CCl₂F	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Methyl Iodide	CH₃I	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Methyl Iodide	CH₃I	2023-01-11	Ongoing
CFC-113	CCl₂FCClF₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
CFC-113	CCl₂FCClF₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Dichloromethane	CH₂Cl₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Dichloromethane	CH₂Cl₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Chloroform	CHCl₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Chloroform	CHCl₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Methyl Chloroform (97)	CH₃CCl₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Methyl Chloroform (97)	CH₃CCl₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Carbon Tetrachloride	CCl₄	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Carbon Tetrachloride	CCl₄	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Methylene Bromide	CH₂Br₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Methylene Bromide	CH₂Br₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Perchloroethylene (PCE)	C₂Cl₄	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Perchloroethylene (PCE)	C₂Cl₄	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Bromoform	CHBr₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Bromoform	CHBr₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Benzene	C₆H₆	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Benzene	C₆H₆	2006-12-13	Terminated - 2018-06-05
Benzene	C₆H₆	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Carbonyl Sulfide	COS	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Carbonyl Sulfide	COS	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HCFC-21	CHCl₂F	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HCFC-21	CHCl₂F	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-152a	CH₃CHF₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-152a	CH₃CHF₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HCFC-124	CHClFCF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HCFC-124	CHClFCF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Methylbenzene	C₇H₈	2006-12-13	Terminated - 2018-06-05
Carbon Disulfide	CS₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Carbon Disulfide	CS₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Ethane	C₂H₆	2005-05-11	Terminated - 2018-06-05
Ethane	C₂H₆	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Ethane	C₂H₆	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Ethylene	C₂H₄	2005-05-11	Terminated - 2018-06-05
Ethylene	C₂H₄	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Ethylene	C₂H₄	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Propane	C₃H₈	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Propane	C₃H₈	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Propane	C₃H₈	2005-05-11	Terminated - 2018-06-05
Propylene	C₃H₆	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Propylene	C₃H₆	2005-05-11	Terminated - 2018-06-05
Propylene	C₃H₆	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Isobutane	i-C₄H₁₀	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Isobutane	i-C₄H₁₀	2005-05-11	Terminated - 2018-06-05
Isobutane	i-C₄H₁₀	2023-01-11	Ongoing
n-Butane	n-C₄H₁₀	2005-05-11	Terminated - 2018-06-05
n-Butane	n-C₄H₁₀	2023-01-11	Ongoing
n-Butane	n-C₄H₁₀	2022-09-14	Ongoing
isopentane	i-C₅H₁₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
isopentane	i-C₅H₁₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
isopentane	i-C₅H₁₂	2005-05-11	Terminated - 2018-06-05
n-Pentane	n-C₅H₁₂	2005-05-11	Terminated - 2018-06-05
n-Pentane	n-C₅H₁₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
n-Pentane	n-C₅H₁₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
n-Hexane	n-C₆H₁₄	2023-01-11	Ongoing
n-Hexane	n-C₆H₁₄	2005-05-11	Terminated - 2018-06-05
n-Hexane	n-C₆H₁₄	2022-09-14	Ongoing
isoprene	C₅H₈	2006-12-13	Terminated - 2018-06-05
Halon-1301	CF₃Br	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Halon-1301	CF₃Br	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Halon-2402	CBrF₂CBrF₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Halon-2402	CBrF₂CBrF₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFC-143a	CH₃CF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFC-143a	CH₃CF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-227ea	CF₃CHFCF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-227ea	CF₃CHFCF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFC-365mfc	CH₃CF₂CH₂CF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFC-365mfc	CH₃CF₂CH₂CF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
CFC-115	CClF₂CF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
CFC-115	CClF₂CF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-125	CHF₂CF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFC-125	CHF₂CF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
CFC-13	CClF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
CFC-13	CClF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-23	CHF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFC-23	CHF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
PFC-218	C₃F₈	2023-01-11	Ongoing
PFC-218	C₃F₈	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Acetylene	C₂H₂	2006-12-13	Terminated - 2018-06-05
Acetylene	C₂H₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Acetylene	C₂H₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-32	CH₂F₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFC-32	CH₂F₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-134	CHF₂CHF₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFC-134	CHF₂CHF₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Halon-1011	CH₂BrCl	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Halon-1011	CH₂BrCl	2022-09-14	Ongoing
PFC-14	CF₄	2023-01-11	Ongoing
PFC-14	CF₄	2022-09-14	Ongoing
PFC-116	CF₃CF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
PFC-116	CF₃CF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Trifluoroamine	NF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Trifluoroamine	NF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Sulfuryl Fluoride	SO₂F₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Sulfuryl Fluoride	SO₂F₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-236fa	CF₃CH₂CF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFC-236fa	CF₃CH₂CF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HCFC-133a	CH₂ClCF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HCFC-133a	CH₂ClCF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
CFC-112	CCl₃CClF₂	2023-01-11	Ongoing
CFC-112	CCl₃CClF₂	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Trichloroethylene (TCE)	C₂HCl₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Trichloroethylene (TCE)	C₂HCl₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFO-1234yf	CH₂=CFCF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFO-1234yf	CH₂=CFCF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFO-1234zeE	CHF=CHCF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HFO-1234zeE	CHF=CHCF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
ethylene dichloride (1,2 DCE)	CH₂ClCH₂Cl	2022-09-14	Ongoing
ethylene dichloride (1,2 DCE)	CH₂ClCH₂Cl	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HCFC-123	CHCl₂CF₃	2022-09-14	Ongoing
HCFC-123	CHCl₂CF₃	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Morpholine	C₅F₁₁NO	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Morpholine	C₅F₁₁NO	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Perfluorotriethylamine (PFTEA)	(C₂F₅)₃N	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Perfluorotriethylamine (PFTEA)	(C₂F₅)₃N	2023-01-11	Ongoing
Perfluorotripropylamine (PFTPA)	(C₃F₇)₃N	2022-09-14	Ongoing
Perfluorotripropylamine (PFTPA)	(C₃F₇)₃N	2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-245fa		2023-01-11	Ongoing
HFC-245fa		2022-09-14	Ongoing

Carbon Cycle In Situ Observatory

Parameter	Formula	First Sample Date	Status
Carbon Dioxide	CO₂	1974-05-17	Ongoing
Methane	CH₄	1987-04-03	Ongoing
Carbon Monoxide	CO	1992-05-29	Ongoing

HATS Flask Sampling

Parameter	Formula	First Sample Date	Status
HFC-134a	CH₂FCF₃	1994-11-07	Ongoing
HCFC-22	CHF₂Cl	1991-12-30	Ongoing
CFC-12	CCl₂F₂	2010-01-05	Ongoing
Methyl Chloride	CH₃Cl	1993-08-30	Ongoing
HCFC-142b	CH₃CF₂Cl	1992-02-10	Ongoing
Halon-1211	CBrClF₂	1991-12-30	Ongoing
Methyl Bromide	CH₃Br	1993-08-30	Ongoing
HCFC-141b	CH₃CCl₂F	1992-12-28	Ongoing
CFC-113	CCl₂FCClF₂	1991-12-30	Ongoing
Dichloromethane	CH₂Cl₂	1994-01-18	Ongoing
Perchloroethylene (PCE)	C₂Cl₄	1993-11-22	Ongoing
Carbonyl Sulfide	COS	2000-03-13	Ongoing
HFC-152a	CH₃CHF₂	2000-08-14	Ongoing
Halon-2402	CBrF₂CBrF₂	1995-03-13	Ongoing
HFC-227ea	CF₃CHFCF₃	2011-06-14	Ongoing
HFC-365mfc	CH₃CF₂CH₂CF₃	2009-08-13	Ongoing
Methyl Chloroform	CH₃CCl₃	1991-12-30	Ongoing
CFC-11	CCl₃F	2010-01-05	Ongoing

HATS In Situ Observatory

Parameter	Formula	First Sample Date	Status
Nitrous Oxide	N₂O	1999-07-08	Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride	SF₆	1999-07-02	Ongoing
HCFC-22	CHF₂Cl	1998-11-28	Ongoing
CFC-12	CCl₂F₂	2000-10-21	Ongoing
Methyl Chloride	CH₃Cl	1999-04-23	Ongoing
HCFC-142b	CH₃CF₂Cl	1999-01-01	Ongoing
Halon-1211	CBrClF₂	1998-12-03	Ongoing
CFC-113	CCl₂FCClF₂	1999-12-14	Ongoing
Carbon Tetrachloride	CCl₄	1999-06-25	Ongoing
Methyl Chloroform	CH₃CCl₃	1999-04-23	Ongoing
CFC-11	CCl₃F	1999-06-25	Ongoing

Aerosol Surface In-Situ

Parameter	Formula	First Sample Date	Status
Light Scattering Coefficient	σ_sp	1974-01-01	Ongoing
Light Absorption Coefficient	σ_ap	1990-01-01	Ongoing
Particle Number Concentration	N_t	1974-01-01	Ongoing

Radiation In-Situ Observatory

Parameter	First Sample Date	Status
Direct Normal	1976-03-01	Ongoing
Downwelling Shortwave	1976-03-01	Ongoing
Diffuse	1976-03-01	Ongoing
Downwelling Longwave	1993-10-31	Ongoing
Spectral	2001-07-01	Ongoing

Surface Ozone

Parameter	Formula	First Sample Date	Status
Ozone	O₃	1973-09-20	Ongoing

Dobson Total Ozone

Parameter	Formula	First Sample Date	Status
Ozone	O₃	1963-12-26	Ongoing

Lidar

Meteorology

Parameter	Formula	First Sample Date	Status
Wind Speed	ws	1977-01-01	Ongoing
Wind Direction	wd	1977-01-01	Ongoing
Temperature	temp	1977-01-01	Ongoing
Ambient Pressure	press	1977-01-01	Ongoing
Relative Humidity	rh	1977-01-01	Ongoing

Dobson Umkehr Ozone

Parameter	Formula	First Sample Date	Status
Ozone	O₃	1963-12-26	Ongoing

Spectral UV Irradiance